Physiology of Labor & Birth: Bibliography

Elizabeth Noble
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Alderdice, F., et al. Labour and birth in water in England and Wales. Br Med J 310(6983):837, 1 Apr, 95.

_______________ et al. The effect of maternal posture on fetal cerebral oxygenation during labour. Brit J Obstet Gynecol 102 (1):14, January 1995.

_____________et al. The effect of maternal pushing on fetal cerebral oxygenation and blood volume during the second stage of labour. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 102(6):448 453, Jan 95.

Alexander JM et al. The course of labor with and without epidural analgesia. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 178 (3) 516 March 1998.

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Allahbadia GN, Vaidya PR. Why deliver in the supine position? Aust NZ J Obstet Gvnaecol; 32/2:104-106, 1992.

Baker C. Nutrition and hydration in labour. British Journal of Midwifery 4 , 11: 58, September, 1996.

Barnett MM, Humenick SS. Infant outcome in relation to second stage labor pushing method. Birth; 9:221 -228, 1982.

Bergmans, M. G. M., et al. Fetal and maternal transcutaneous PC02 Levels during labour and the influence of epidural analgesia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 67: 2; 27-132. Aug 1996.

Bhardwaj N, Kukade JA, Patil S, Bhardwaj S. Randomised controlled trial on modified squatting position of delivery. Indian J Maternal and Child Health; 6(2)33-39, 1995.

Buxton EJ, Redman CWE, Obhrai M. Delayed pushing with epidural in labour —does it increase the incidence of spontaneous delivery? J Obstet Gvnaecol: 8, 258-261, 1988.

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________ The influence of maternal bearing-down efforts in the second stage of labor on fetal well-being. Kaleidoscope of Childbearing: Preparation, Birth and Nurturing. Simkin, and Reinke, eds. Seattle: pennypress, l978.

________ et al. Physiological and psychological bases for the modern and humanized management of normal labor presented at the Intern’l Year of the Child Commerative International Congress, FIGO, Tokyo, October 2l-22, l979.

Capacchione., Lucia, Ph.D. and Sandra Bardsley, R.N. Creating A Joyful Birth Experience: Developing A Partnership with your unborn child for healthy pregnancy, labor, and early parenting. New York: Fireside, 1994.

Chalmers I, Enkin M, Keirse MJNC (eds). Effective care in pregnancv and childbirth. Oxford, Oxford University Press 1989.

Carbonne, B et al. Maternal position during labor: effects on fetal oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry. Obstet Gynecol 88,5.:797 800, 19 96.

Carson, R. The mechanisms involved in the initiation of labour Modern Midwife 7(7): 23 July, 1997.

Chan, DPC. Positions during labour. Br Med J, i:100-102,1963.

Chen SZ, Aisaka K, Mori H, Kigawa T. Effects of sitting position on uterine activity during labor. Obstet Gynecol; 79:67-73, 1987.

Cliff D, Deery R. Much like school: social class, age, marital status and attendance/non-attendance at antenatal classes. Midwifery 13:3; 53 September 1997.

Crowley P, Elbourne DR, Ashhurst H, Garcia J, Murphy D, Duignan N. Delivery in an obstetric birth chair: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Obstet Gynaecol; 98:667-674, 1991.

Davies, J et al. Prospective regional study of planned home births. Br Med J 313,7068.:1302 1306, 1996.

DeJong PR. et al. Randomised trial comparing the upright and supine positions for the second stage of labour. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 104:(5)567-571, May, 19 97.

De Punzio, C., et al. The relationship between maternal relaxation and plasma Beta-endorphin levels during parturition. J Psychosomat Obstet Gynecol 15(4): 205, December 1994.

Diaz AG, Schwarcz R, Fescina R, Caldeyro-Barcia R. Vertical position during the first stage of the course of labor, and neonatal outcome. Eur J Obstet Gvnecol Reprod Biol; 11:1-7, 1980.

Dunn, P. Obstetric delivery today: for better or for worse? Lancet, 7963:790-93, April, l976.

Ehrstrom, C. Forlossingstolar, reprint from Recip Reflex. 13:72, l973, cited in Kirchoff, H. The woman's posture during childbirth Organorama, Organon, the Netherlands, 14:l, l977.

Enkin M, Keirse MJNC, Renfrew MJ, Neilson J. A Guide to Effective care in Pregnancv and Childbirth, 2nd ed. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1995.

Ferguson, J.K.W. A study of the motility of the intact uterus at term. Surg Gynecol and Obstet 73: 359-66, l94l.

Flynn, A.M., et al. Ambulation in labour. Brit Med J 2:59l-3, August 26, l978.

Gardosi, J. Alternative positions in the second stage of labour: a randomized controlled trial. B J Ob Gynl 96(11): 1290-96, 11 November, 1989.

_________ et al. Randomised controlled trial of squatting in the second stage of labour. Lancet, 2 b 8 July 74-77 1989.

Gold, E.M. "Pelvic drive” in obstetrics: An X-Ray study of 100 cases. Am J Obstets Gynecol 59(4):890-896, 1950.

Goodfellow, C.F., et al. Oxytocin deficiency at delivery with epidural analgesia. Br J Ob Gynaecol 90:14-210, 1983.

Haddad, F. Alternative positions for labour. Midwife, HealthVisitor and Community Nurse l8:290-294, l982.

Hemminki, E., and M. Gissler . Epidural analgesia as a risk factor for operative delivery. Int J Gynecol ObsteL 53 (2) 125-132 Mar, 1996.
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Hillan, E.M. Posture of labour and delivery. Midwifery 1, 19:19-23, 1985.

Hofmeyr, G.J., et al. Companionship to modify the clinical birth environment: effects on progress and perceptions of labour and breastfeeding. Br J Obstets Gynaecol. 165(8) 444:756, 1991.

Howard, F.H. Delivery in the physiological position. Obstet Gynecol II:3l8-22, l958.

Humphrey, M.D., et al. A decrease in fetal pH during the second stage of labour when conducted in the dorsal position. J Obstet Gynaecol Brit Comm 81:600, l974.

Iyer L. Churchman. Dimitr Reghlald-P.W. Mode of delivery in the subsequent pregnancy in women who had an instrumental vaginal delivery in their first pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 103:8, P.847-848. Aug 1996.
Johnson, N.,et al. Maternal positions during labor. Obstet Gynecol Survey. 7:428, 1991.

Johnstone FD, Abdoelmagd MS, Harouny AK. Maternal posture in second stage and fetal acid-base status. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 94:753-757,1987.

Jones P. Grounding, amouring and birthing positions. Modern Midwife 7 (2): 15, February 1997.

Joseph, J. The joints of the pelvis and their relation to posture in labour. Midwives Chronicle , March, l988, p 63.

Kimber L Effective techniques for massage in labour. Modern Midwife l (4):36 Apri,l 1999.

Kirchoff, H. The woman's posture during childbirth: from prehistoric times to the present. Organorma, Organon Nederland,Oss, the Netherlands 14:1, l97l.

Kitzinger, S. & P. Simkin. Episiotomy and the Second Stage of Labor. Seattle: pennypress, l984.

Knauth DG., et al. Effect of pushing techniques in birthing chair on length of second stage of labor. Nurs Res 31 (5):49-51, Jan-Feb l986.

Knuist M, Eskes M, Van Alten D. Uitdrijvingsduur en toestand van de pasgeborene bij door vroedvrouwen geleide bevallingen (Duration of the second stage and condition of the neonate in deliveries attended by midwives). Ned Tjidschr Geneeskd; 133:932-936, 1989.

Liddell HS, Fisher PR. The birthing chair in the second stage of labour. Aus NZ J Obstet Gynaecol; 25:65-68, 1985.

Lindell, SG et al. Compliance with childbirth education classes in second stage labor. Birth 13(2):96, June, l986.

Marchant S, et al. Labour and birth in water: national variations in practice. British Journal of Midwifery 4(8):408, August 1996.

Maresh M, Choong KH, Beard RW. Delayed pushing with lumbar epidural analgesia in labour. Br J Obstet Gynaecol; 90:623-627, 1983.

McKay, S. (ed). Maternal position in labor and birth. ICEA Review 2:3, Minneapolis MN, Summer l978.

___________ Squatting: an alternative position for the second stage of labor. Am J Mat Child Nurs 9:181-3, 1984.

McManus TJ, Calder AA. Upright posture and the efficiency of labour. Lancet; 1:72-74, 1978.

McQueen J, Mylrea L. Lumbar epidural analgesia in labour. Br Med J; 1:640-641 1977.

Melzack R, Belanger E, Lacroix R. Labor pain, effect of maternal position on front and back pain. J Pain Symptom Management; 6:476-480, 1991.

Mendez-Bauer, C et al. Effects of standing position on spontaneous uterine contract ability and other aspects of labour. J Perinatal Medicine. 89:89-100, 1975.

Mengert, WF et al. Intra-abdominal pressure produced by voluntary muscular effort: the relation of posture to effort. Surg Gynecol Obstet 57: 745-5l, l953.

Menticoglou SM, Manning F, Harman C, Morrison I. Perinatal Outcome in Relation to Second-stage duration. Am J Obstet Gynecol; 173:906-912, 1995.

Naroll, ER & F Howard. Position of women in childbirth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 82: 943-54, l96l.

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Noble, Elizabeth. Esssential Exercises for the Childbearing Year, 4th ed. Harwich, MA New Life Images, 1995.

____________Prepared childbirth and unfulfilled transitions. Prenatal Psychology: Encounter with the Unborn, Parthenon Press, UK l988.

____________ Maternal effort in labour, McKenna, J. ed.International Perspectives in Physical Therapy.Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, l987.

____________Sharing childbirth with insight. ICEA Forum September-October, l987.

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_______________ Stage II straining—there has to be a gentler way. Genesis, June-July, 1979.

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Odent, Michel. The fetus ejection reflex. Birth 14 (2):104, June, l987.

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Paciornik, C & M. Implications of the birth in the squatting position for the mother-child relationship.

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______________ et al. A Comparison Between EEGs of Indians Born Through Squatting Position and Indians and Civilized People Born Through Dorsal Decubitus Delivery.
Above available from CPP Pesquisas Rua Baltazar Carrasco do Reis, 2245, Curitiba, Brazil, 80,000

Paciornik M. Use of the Squatting Position for Birth. Birth. 19(4):230-1, Dec, 1992.Prof Nurse 6 (3):151, 1990

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World Health Organization. Care in Normal Birth: A Practical Guide. Maternal and newborn health/safe motherhood unit, Family and Reproductive Health, WHO, 1211 Geneva 27, SWITZERLAND. FAX: 41 22 791 0746.

http:://www.birthlove.com
http:://www.healing-arts.org (complications from epidurals)